Late Period Fulci

Looking back at my recent output, I can’t help but notice a bit of a lack of horror on this here horror blog. I’ve had a number of works that are great but let’s say horror adjacent – a psychological crime thriller with uncanny horror vibes, a Japanese art piece full of existential dread, and an Italian neorealistic film dealing with the terrors of a traditional, superstitious small town. But each write up contained some sentence like, “while this might not be horror as traditionally understood, I think it warrants inclusion here because…” And I’m not putting those down – I loved all of those movies, but I think it’s time to dig into something grotty, something disturbing, something Fulci.

(A quick aside – I just re-read my previous posts on Fulci films, of which there have been four or five, and at least three of them begin with something like, “You know, I’ve been covering a lot of artsy stuff lately, but nothing really HORRIFIC, so let’s talk Fulci!” I guess old Lucio has made a very specific impression on me.)

Lucio Fulci is easily one of my favorite horror directors, though he did work across many genres. It’s hard to square this with his later reputation as the godfather of gore, but in his early career, he produced no small share of sex comedies and westerns. But when it comes to horror, he delivered pure nightmares. Often lacking in what some might call “logic.” Rarely budgeted above the B-level. Occasionally working contentiously with his cast, but creating works of resonant atmosphere and image and dread that operate on the brain just like you want, eliciting that delicious shudder of an encounter with that which cannot be understood/endured/overcome/defined. And so, I’ve written about his movies a bunch here (10 of them to date, plus one documentary about him), but it’s been a while since I saw something new of his.

I do enjoy how Fulci gave himself cameos in most of his movies. Here he is as a friendly souvenir seller in The Devil’s Honey.

So that’s the goal today – three Fulci’s that I haven’t seen yet. These will all be from his late period towards the end of his life when he was experiencing severely declining health, which clearly took a toll on his artistic output. I don’t think these will be his best films. There may be real weaknesses on display, but given my deep respect for his catalogue, I am sure that they will be rewarding to explore. Also (and here comes the hypocrisy following my first paragraph in this post), they may not all be strictly horror, but I believe they will all help to illuminate the themes and tendencies of the truly significant work he did produce in the genre.

I hope I like them, but that’s not entirely the point, so much as to see what there is to find and seek to understand how they shed light on his output as a whole. So even if I don’t love one, I still plan to at least write something about it.

And so, without further ado, let’s get into The Devil’s Honey (1986), Demonia (1990), and Door to Silence (1991). And then as a bonus, I’ll touch on the written by Fulci, produced after Fulci’s death by Argento, and directed by neither of them, The Wax Mask (1996) as a fun coda. There will be spoilers for all.

Demonia (1990)

So I’d like to start out of order, basically to get this one out of the way. This is, sadly, the weakest Fulci film I’ve seen to date, and is probably a really good illustration of where his later career went and how tragically he suffered, spending his final years in what must have felt like artistic exile. Honestly, it is sad to engage with this artifact of his decline, but it is what happened. In short, as I’m sure I touched on when discussing a documentary about his life and work, as well as another film from the same year, the superior, darkly comic meta-exercise, Cat in the Brain (1990), Fulci’s final period of creative output had two long shadows looming over it: ill health and lack of money. In 1984, he first got sick, though he did recover and have another couple more good years, but by the end of the decade, he was fighting chronic Cirrhosis, Diabetes, and Hepatitis. He was constantly fatigued and it was inordinately difficult for him to complete a movie (though he still worked fairly prolifically). Furthermore, he was having great trouble securing financing. Partly, this was because producers didn’t trust that he was still a safe investment in his weakened state, but largely this was to do with unfortunate trends in the Italian film industry.

Since the 50s, Italy had been a powerhouse of genre cinema, flooding the market with affordably produced flicks that made up for low to mid-range budgets with a surfeit of style and panache: westerns, cop thrillers, gialli, and of course, horror. As I have read, homegrown viewers really subsidized these movies as there were only 2 TV stations and people would go to the cinema a couple times a week for entertainment. Then, with the introduction of commercial TV stations in the 80s, the bottom dropped out of the domestic genre market. There was still money for prestige pieces with higher budgets. But a lot of the money was being siphoned into cheaper TV production, which demanded safer content than a director like Fulci was known for. Low cost direct to video work could still get made, but budgets were greatly reduced. Adjusted for inflation, Fulci was sometimes working with budgets 1/20th the size of what he’d had ten years earlier (and, you know, he hadn’t exactly been making Ben Hur back then), moving from mid-range projects that could expect to be shown in cinemas domestically and internationally, to truly micro-budget features (produced by companies that were in the active process of going bankrupt) which might be lucky to show up on video in Japan.

This meant a drop in money to pay for materials, film, special effects and actors, of course, but I think what took the biggest hit on Fulci was that he could no longer afford some of his closest collaborators, whom he had worked with for years, who got his sensibilities, and who could deliver on his vision. Thus, his later work just doesn’t look/sound/feel right.

Which brings us to Demonia. It is not exactly a bad movie, like some fun trashy Z-grade “so bad it’s good” curio. Rather, it is simply flat. The beats of the story are there, but it feels empty, without depth, without surprises, listless, without joy (not a word you would generally associate with his movies, but still). Maybe in a different era, Fulci could have made something of it. But it just doesn’t do very much and doesn’t feel like it’s his. I think even when I’ve watched some of his stuff that was made on the low end of the budget scale, there has always been a sense of intentionality, and that is lacking here.

In short, a group of Canadian archeologists in a small town in Sicily set up camp near an old convent that the locals shun. One archeologist, Liza, feels particularly drawn to it though and she discovers, hidden in the basement, a secret chamber where long ago a group of nuns had been crucified. Apparently, they were “Satanic,” carrying out all manner of wicked rituals, like their so-called “orgies” (which in the one scene we’re shown consisted of two couples having sex on either side of a large room – you know your film is in trouble when you can’t scrounge any more for the orgy budget), and the good townspeople had stormed the convent to put a stop to their shenanigans (which, to be fair, beyond lame, underattended orgies, also included baby sacrifice).

Anyway, spectral nuns start picking people off (I enjoyed one scene where a headless ghost nun shoots a guy with a harpoon gun – just your typical medieval Satanist), and there’s a bit of a procedural as the cops try to get a handle on what’s going on. By the end, Liza’s been possessed by the evil sisters and wanders around burbling yellow goo out of her mouth for some reason before the current townspeople show up and burn everything, including poor Liza, down.

Again, it’s fine. It isn’t a disaster, but it has no verve, no seeming reason to be. That quality only surfaces once or twice in brief, wild moments of typically Fulci-esque gore. Notably, there’s a scene were an exposition dumping old cat lady is devoured by her cats (her only crime being sharing the exposition she’s in the movie to share – sometimes you just can’t win), some of them pulling out her eyes for an early snack (even at his lowest, Fulci could still enjoy delivering grotty eye trauma – and there is a satisfying pop as at least one of the wet orbs slips free of its socket), and also a pretty fun moment where a guy is, for some reason (it’s pretty sudden and random), stuck in a trap that goes on to tear him in half like a chicken wishbone (it isn’t particularly realistic, but is still pretty gross and pretty cool). As is so often the case, what Fulci’s film lacks in sense or verisimilitude, it makes up for with audacity.

But it is not a good movie, and I think it doesn’t really reflect much on the strengths of Fulci’s career, so much as it gives us a taste of how far he had fallen by this point. It is honestly quite sad to look at from that perspective.

The Door to Silence (1991)

It is easy to read into the timing of a final work, suggesting that the creator had been particularly focused on his mortality at the time. I think of Leonard Cohen’s You Want it Darker or Tony Todd’s recent turn in the most recent Final Destination flick. We look back at a piece, knowing that the artist was essentially dying at the time of production, and can’t help but interpret a meditation on their upcoming passing. That is surely the case with Fulci’s last completed work, Le Porte del Silenzio. And I am happy to report that while this hardly stands among his very best films, there is something here – some real feeling, an atmosphere, an inescapable dread worthy of his artistry. Fulci didn’t die until about 5 years later, but he never managed to work again after this, and it really feels like the filmmaker knew that his time was limited, felt that he was already living his own death.

And you really don’t have to dig deep to find that reading (in fact, it’s pretty explicitly what the movie is about). The story here follows a man, Melvin (John Savage) trying to drive home, a journey consistently frustrated, sidelined, and delayed. He has one kind or another of car trouble. His wheels spin hopelessly in deep mud. His engine breaks down. He gets stuck behind a hearse carrying a casket for someone also named Melvin, and just can’t overtake it. At one point, he almost has a tryst in a motel room with a mysterious attractive woman who’s been following him, but she explains that it isn’t yet the right time for them to be together and that she will meet him at his destination. He finds himself in a funeral home where every casket contains a Melvin and one is indeed his match. He gets arrested for breaking into the back of the hearse to rip open the casket, later explaining to the judge that he’s not crazy – he was just scared that the casket was carrying his own corpse (nope, not crazy at all, pay a fine and back on the road with you). A tarot card reader tells him he’s been dead for hours, and he keeps driving and driving and driving and driving. Each detour seems to loop him back on his route. He can’t progress – the clock in his car is frozen and he doesn’t seem to be getting anywhere. The road seems inescapable and inevitable. Finally, one more time trying to overtake the portentous hearse, he crashes headfirst into an oncoming truck and that’s the end of him. The loop is closed, the cycle finished. The mysterious woman is on the scene and her license plate reads “DEATH” (da da duuuuun!).

I will say it opens very engagingly – the atmosphere of New Orleans, infused with jaunty funeral jazz sets us off on a good start to our journey. And the sense of mystery and doom is heavy and effective. Sadly, as time goes on, it does get to feeling repetitive and like it’s running long, even though it’s a pretty short movie. I guess it’s just so obvious from a pretty early point that he is dead and this is his road to oblivion, and the lack of suspense took a toll on my attention, but I do think the film works. It is a sad piece, a frustrated piece, and it is clearly being made by an artist with a strong feeling to express. The protagonist is already dead – though he doesn’t feel it yet, to the world he is. To his family, his career, his ability to have any effect outside of himself. And all that remains is a loop that feels never ending, but is clearly going in only one direction, and while there are many detours en route, he cannot turn back.

I could imagine that if he’d had a bit of money (which he absolutely did not), Fulci could have done more with this to make more of the experience – the episodes could have been stranger, more varied, in more locations, exploring Melvin’s coming death in other fashions. But even still, especially read in the light of what his life was at the time, I did find it a moving endeavor. It is not a “scary” movie. It features no gore or goo. But I think it is surely horror – the artist staring his own death in the mirror, and sharing with us the indignation, the depressing inevitability, the injustice of it all.

I mean, of course, considering the subject manner of Fulci’s catalogue, death is all over the place, but this is entirely about it. And however it might feel weak technically or underdeveloped narratively, it surely feels personal. To return to a criticism of the previous film, this one is wholly ‘intentional.’ There is a reason for it to be. It was a work the artist was driven to make.

And it barely even got to exist. I believe it was initially only released on VHS in Italy, where producer Joe D’Amato said it “didn’t even sell a single brochure.” It wasn’t until much more recently that is came to dvd and bluray.

Is it a forgotten classic? No. It is a spin on a tried and true formula. If you’ve read “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” or have seen Carnival of Souls, you know where we’re going. But the degree to which it feels important to its creator, an artist who really did significant work in his lifetime and died in poverty and despair, makes it feel important, something worth seeing if you’ve taken an interest in his oeuvre. I watched it on Youtube.

The Devil’s Honey (1986)

So, now that we’ve delved into the ignominious end of the artist’s otherwise noteworthy career, let’s rewind a few years to before everything fell apart, to a work that many consider Fulci’s last good movie (and that others belittle for its saxophone aided cunnilingus scene). Let’s dig into a weird, weird, weird softcore erotic drama with some solid horror mood and ideas, The Devil’s Honey. As I understand, though it wasn’t released until 1986, it had been filmed back in 1984, right around the time that Fulci got sick the first time. I don’t know if he completed shooting before falling ill, but if not, he clearly recovered after that first bout enough to operate at full strength when making this picture – it’s kinda great.

Kinda great and really weird – to a fascinating degree. This is in no way explicitly a horror movie (though erotic thriller could surely be argued), but I’d bet that it has just as many over the top, reason defying “what the hell am I looking at” moments as anything in City of the Living Dead or House by the Cemetery. There are sequences that just begin as absurd to the point of laughability, but which progress through that apparent zaniness to reach compelling extremities of both sexuality and psychological torment. All of this contributes to a horror vibe that makes the film feel at home in Fulci’s catalogue.

And it must be said, I think this is Fulci at the top of his craft. This film just looks and sounds so damn good – vibes on top of vibes – and it is so clearly controlled – we see what he wants us to see, whatever his intention behind that showing may be. We’ll get into it soon (and in some depth – so if you haven’t seen it, I really recommend seeking it out – it’s available out there, but you may need to do a free trial to see it – although if you’re sensitive to sexual violence, perhaps you should take a pass), but I find it striking the extent to which I feel this was made to be an uncomfortable watch – all of the relationships are at least toxic if not downright abusive and the notion of consent doesn’t even pop in for a quick coffee – and yet, the film is exceedingly watchable, magnetic even. So many character actions are honestly ugly and everyone is at least kind of terrible, but I was just totally enamored with it from start to finish, and then went back and watched it again. It is seductively captivating, even as it disturbs.

Like Gaetano.

One final note – I watched it in Italian with English subtitles. As I understand, the text of the English dubbing is totally different and, from what I read, much worse, flattening the emotion and the rich ambivalence of much of the film. I haven’t watched the English dub to compare, but I will be referring to the Italian version (including using the character names from that version – they’re different in English).

Cecilia discovering the presence of a third participant in their public sex.

Essentially, we follow two characters whose paths will eventually intertwine – Cecilia and Dr. Simpson. Cecilia is in a passionate, tumultuous, often abusive and toxic, but always intoxicating and deeply, deeply sexual relationship with the perpetually sweaty saxophonist, Gaetano (on rewatch, he’s not actually always sweating – but it feels that way). We’ll come back to them soon as their dynamic is really the heart of the story – the film belongs to Cecilia. On the other side, Dr. Simpson is a seemingly world class surgeon in a cold, loveless marriage – but don’t feel sorry for him. The impression is that his wife yearns for his affection, she’s desperate for it, but he can’t summon the slightest iota of desire for her, though he expends no shortage of lust on the prostitutes he regularly employs, with whom he can let his freak flag fly, such as in the one scene where we see him drooling like a maniac over the application of nail polish to the crotch of some pantyhose. Years of this emotional and physical neglect has made his wife understandably cold.

However, Cecilia and Gaetano are anything but cold. They burn constantly. And simmer. And melt. Everything hot. The opening scene, the most iconic in the film, finds them in the recording studio along with Gaetano’s producer, Nicky, and a few hangers on, as he’s laying down a sultry jazz track. For the entirety of the recording, their eyes are locked (Fulci and his eyes), and the whole sequence plays out as pure sex – lustful, teasing, desperate, hungry. Finally, it’s time for a break and though none of the staff have yet left for coffee, Cecilia is already licking Gaetano’s face and her breast is in his hand, so overwhelmingly do their bodies crave each other. Then, the moment the others are out the door, Gaetano rips aside her panties and shoves his saxophone between her legs, playing low rumbly tones as he makes cheeky bedroom eyes at her, leaving her crying and shaking as everyone else comes back from their break to record some more. In the beginning, it just feels ridiculous – hilarious – it is the infamous sax-sex scene that the movie is best known for, and it is funny, but damned if it isn’t also sexy as all get out, their desire being so palpable, the sex being so “true,” no matter how silly.  

It should also be noted that she says ‘no’ to this multiple times and he ignores her. The film is full of similar scenes – she gets off each time and she does want him, even loves him, but he never respects a boundary, she is never allowed any agency (as long as he’s alive), and many scenes that on one level are hot and mutually satisfying, from another perspective, are easily read as assault or rape.

Simpson smearing nail polish on a sex worker’s face. That’s gonna be a pain to clean up.

The film progresses for a bit, alternating between the hot and cold of the two relationships until Gaetano falls off his motorcycle because he’s riding in circles around Cecilia being a dick, hits his head, and a few hours later ends up under the knife of Dr. Simpson. The problem is that earlier that evening, Simpson’s wife had finally had enough of the jerk and declared that she wanted a divorce. Thus distracted, he botches the job, and fails to save Gaetano, who dies on his table.

Cecilia does not take this news well.

Honestly, on first viewing, I was shocked. Thus far, the Gaetano-Cecilia story had felt so primary, and I didn’t even understand why we were following the doctor at all. I was really startled when a third of the way into the flick, this main character died. It is as sudden and jarring in anything in a horror offering, but perhaps more so because this had not yet felt like a horror movie per se. When a mysterious hand appears behind someone in House by the Cemetery and rips their skull open, it startles and grosses out, but it doesn’t feel as shocking as this sudden loss of character.

Anyway, Cecilia completely flips out and starts stalking Dr. Simpson, demanding to know “Why did you let him die?” And finally, her grief is so powerful that it drives her across town in the rain, into the back of his car where she kidnaps him at gunpoint, makes him drive her to the house she and Gaetano had shared by the seaside, ties him up, and proceeds to torture him for days. But as this torment goes on, he starts to get off on it, becoming obsessed with this mysterious, often naked woman, who walks him on a leash through the waves until he almost drowns, feeds him leftover dogfood, and whacks him in the face with an axe before unzipping her jeans for him to smear his blood all over her belly as he kisses her in sexual fervor. Have I mentioned that it’s a weird movie?

Like you do.

But it really is all about her feelings towards Gaetano. Throughout the final act, we slip in and out of the present with the now subservient doctor and memories of the dominant, cruel, passionate Gaetano. Cecilia seems to promise every day that this is the day she’ll kill the doctor, but she never does. She wants to. She wants to ride that anger, that vengeance, to be satisfied by the violence, but it feels like she knows she wouldn’t be, as she processes her grief, her loss, and what must be her mixed feelings about Gaetano. The one time she does drown him, she immediately fights to bring him back.

Drowning the doctor.
And “resuscitating” him.

Again, every scene between Cecilia and Gaetano is in equal measure hot as hell and deeply ugly and disturbing. How many times does she say “no” to his advances, to his demands, to his absurd bullshit? But also, how much does she crave him and get off on these interactions, though they hurt her or scare her or humiliate her? Even after his death, she watches old home movies where a teasing love scene becomes a rape, and she sobs not at the memory of his violence, but for his loss, rubbing his old sweater between her legs to retain something of his scent. She had and has every reason to hate this guy – he was awful – but she didn’t hate him. Beyond all reason, she loved him. And that is what the movie is about – this overwhelming, uncontrollable, utterly self-destructive desire, “love,” the “devil’s honey,” at once luring you to it and laying waste to you in every way. We see the same thing in how Simpson becomes obsessed and enamored of his torturer in the second half. It is honestly really, really dark.

And at the same time, so watchable, so alluring as a film. It does that thing I love in horror of making cinematic pleasure out of the most unpleasant experiences. There’s the weird pinch that only horror can give. But, while I really responded to it, this all leads to questions of what this film is – what it does. Is it misogynistic in its lascivious portrayal of the suffering woman addicted to a bad guy, or at least the way that bad guy gets her off? Is it an apologia for abusive relationships where a “man is a man,” taking control and satisfying the woman against her own will? Maybe. I honestly don’t know.

But my impression is that even if the film could be read in that way, Fulci was not really interested in psychology (he sure seemed to abhor the very notion of logos), and he didn’t make films with a “message.” Rather, he made films that dove into the deep end of unfathomable horrors. And I feel that even though this is not a work of supernatural horror or a slasher or anything like that, it is a strikingly similar work. It subsumes itself in an unhealthy obsession, in impulses of the self, of the body, of the mind, in pursuit of a satisfaction which could excuse away the worst behavior. And thus, so much of the material of the film is that obsession, that attraction, that desire. And it is compelling, provocative, erotic. The film arouses, but the darkness is always there, nothing is ever “nice” – there is no tenderness, no warmth, only heat.

Horror often involves an encounter with something not only bad, dangerous, or scary, but unknown and unknowable, and I feel that Fulci’s approach to these base human impulses posits the workings of the mind, the impulses of the flesh as similarly unknowable, similarly cruel in their demands that their hunger be met, regardless of the cost. This is an erotic drama with some thriller elements – it is not “horror,” but it rhymes.

By the end, Cecilia has one more memory of Gaetano which seems to be the final straw, allowing her to finally leave him behind and the film ends with her making love to Simpson as the waves crash behind them. In the memory, she and Gaetano had been in a cinema in Venice along with his producer Nicky. Cecilia is making out with Gaetano when she is aghast to see Nicky going down on him. We never see what happens next – it’s the end of the memory, but I don’t imagine it was friendly and I think that explains why there was such tension between her and Nicky in the opening scene. I don’t know if we’re meant to be shocked by the bisexuality, but I’d felt we’d seen glimpses of attraction and jealousy in that first recording session, so this didn’t seem out of left field. Anyway, I suppose the memory of it on some level undermined her idealization of Gaetano’s desire – it was never exclusive to her. He never needed her like she did him. He just needed. He was just perpetually horny and she was there and into him. Finally, she can accept the adoration of her captive, her victim, whom she has no particular love for. An odd intimacy has grown between her and Simpson – notably, at some point, they both stopped wearing clothes, and it doesn’t feel like it was done to tease him, but they have just passed a level of formality with each other. Perhaps we see Simpson developing love/obsession for his torturer as a stand in for what had developed between Cecilia and Gaetano. A viscous cycle continues.

In the end, this is quite a film, and quite a peculiar one. It is sufficiently sexually explicit as to be sold as softcore porn, but though it frequently titillates, I don’t feel its primary intention is to get the viewer off. Rather, it really is trying to unsettle. And it does. It is dark and bleak and horny and feverish. The performances are top notch, and it is gorgeous in every technical aspect. Probably not for everyone, but I think a good example of Fulci’s artistry right before everything went south for him. I’m glad to have finally seen it.

Wax Mask (1997)

So this last feature today is not actually a Fulci film, but it bears mentioning, has an interesting history, a strong connection to Fulci, and is actually a heck of a lot more fun than I had remotely expected it to be. Also, given that the impetus for this current Fulci-thon was to get into something indubitably “horror” and then the most significant work was an “erotic drama,” I am happy to say that this is nothing but a horror movie.

As we’ve gone over in this post, the final period of Fulci’s life was sadly not a fertile time creatively, and he reportedly felt cast aside, abandoned, a great maestro who had made some of the best horror ever (among many other films) dying alone, disrespected, forgotten. Now, hopping back in time a bit, as they had both been big names in Italian horror, in the early 80s there had been a kind of rivalry between Fulci and Dario Argento. But as Fulci, once so prolific, had not managed any work since The Door to Silence in 1991, in 1994, Argento approached him with the idea of collaborating on a film together. Argento had been one of the few survivors (if not the only survivor) of the previously discussed death of Italian genre cinema, benefitting from his significant international fame which made it possible for him to go on funding his films with foreign money. I can imagine him looking at his once rival and feeling a pang of ‘coulda been me,’ and really wanting to help Fulci with this project. I don’t think they’d previously been close, but I believe the offer came from an emotional place.

They settled on a remake of “House of Wax,” taking elements from both the 1933 film and the 1953 Vincent Price vehicle. Fulci wrote a script and then … in March of 1996, alone in the Rome apartment he’d had to move into, having lost his house, Lucio Fulci died in a hyperglycemic diabetic coma.

Argento paid for his funeral and then proceeded to carry on producing the film they’d set out to make together. He hired one of Fulci’s daughters as an assistant art director, and ended up giving a first time feature directing gig to Sergio Stivaletti, who had previously worked primarily as a special effects artist, creating some of Argento’s most iconic effects in recent years (I’ve read that the needles under the eyes in Opera was his invention). The result is a film that honestly, doesn’t feel a whole hell of a lot like either Argento or Fulci, but if you squint, you can see Argento’s influence, and if you close your eyes and dream, you can imagine what it might have been if carried to fruition by Fulci at the height of his powers. But that sounds like I’m down on the picture, and I was really happily surprised how much I really liked it. It is colorful and creative and sleazy in a glossy 90s fashion, with no shortage of gleefully excessive gore and nudity. It suffers somewhat from 90s era visual effects (some pretty rough computer aided material there), but Stivaletti sure knew his practical effects, and there’s no shortage of impressive and really novel stuff on offer.

In a decently scary cold open, we witness the aftermath of a family being brutally murdered in 1900 Paris by a killer with what looks to be a robotic hand – all but one little girl who the inspector finds hiding under the bed. Some years later, having relocated to Rome, Sonia, the little girl, now a young woman, finds herself a job as a costumer at a soon to open, so good it’s scary Wax Museum, run by the enigmatic Boris Volkoff. Volkoff’s fearsome tableaus have a disturbing degree of verisimilitude, and I don’t think it should count as a spoiler that (given what this is a remake of) people are of course being hunted down and transformed into gruesome living dead statues of torture and torment. One adjustment here is that unlike previous incarnations, these are not preserved corpses, encased in wax, but rather artificially sustained living bodies, trapped in a deathlike state, suffused with a blue gooey waxy substance. Once disconnected from the solution being pumped through their veins, they seem aware of their horrific circumstances before they finally die. Solid. Things take a dark turn when Sonia sees a new scene unveiled, that of the death of her parents, featuring details never released to the press. Hmmm. Interesting, no?

I won’t get into the permutations of the plot too much. I mean, one could generally guess where it’s going, but still, there are some twists and reveals and this is actually one that I think most horror fans would enjoy seeking out, so why not go in without too much information? It’s available out there. I watched it on Tubi.

This is not the most amazing horror movie you’re ever going to see, but it is crisp and cleanly directed, with strong energy and an evident delight in its own bloody mayhem. It is a very colorful movie (and unlike many an Argento imitator, I’d say it works and looks pretty cool) and that is one of the places where people may cite Argento’s influence (although, I think the color thing is thrown around far too often when describing Argento’s style – I mean, it works if you’ve only seen Suspiria). However, I think that you can see a bit of Argento in some of the camerawork, and some tracking shots particularly. Stivaletti had worked on many films with him and had seen how he set up shots, and I can imagine him learning a great deal under that kind of tutelage.

It is, let’s say, surprising, when it briefly becomes The Terminator though.

But this post is all about Fulci, so where is he in all this? Hard to be found honestly. Whereas Fulci’s horror output was dreamlike, doom laden, advancing, sometimes quite slowly with the weight of creeping death, carrying images and moments that could shock the mind into submission with their extremity, and sometimes their absurdity, this is a quickly paced, very modern feeling, slick 90s flick, though it is set at the turn of the century. I understand Fulci’s script was much revised before shooting began, so even that doesn’t really communicate much of his proclivities.

However, I think you could imagine the potential of this scenario in his hands. In many ways it is unlike the films he’s best known for, but I think there are thematic elements he could have sunk his teeth into. Simply the image of the death in life of the wax figures – there is something really gross and disturbing in that. The aesthetization of death, in this museum where victims become art, is fertile ground. And there is a kind of detective procedural element here, which he had often dealt with before, so I think he would have known how to pay lip service to the business of “solving the crime” without that significantly impinging on the atmosphere of shudder inducing dread. I don’t imagine it would have been his best film, but I can imagine that it could have at least felt like “his” work. What could have been.

But again, this one is fun, worth checking out just as a cool 90s horror movie (an era that is often discounted for its dearth of good horror), and for Fulci completionists, an intriguing exercise in watching one film and imagining how it might have been completely different in other hands.

And so that is a bit of Fulci for now, bringing the films of his that I’ve written about to perhaps fourteen, certainly more than any other director. And the great thing is, I’ll probably never run out. I mean, I don’t think any of his remaining horror flicks (that I haven’t seen) are reported to be “good” and the many “good” films of his that I haven’t seen aren’t reported to be horror. But one of these days, I may run down some of the other late-80s low points, or perhaps more interesting, I may get into some of his earlier thrillers in the mid-late 60s. I’ve read that one of them is said to be the root of later erotic thrillers such as Basic Instinct. Also, the westerns are supposed to be noteworthy. Could be worth exploring, but not sure if it should all get written about on a “horror blog” – we’ll see.

But I think that’s the end of the road for now, happily not because I’m driving, full speed, into an oncoming truck (but, I tell you, some days it may feel like it). See you next time.

Italian Neorealism Folk Horror: Il Demonio

As is regretfully so often the case, it’s been a minute since my last post. There is some kind of irony in the fact that as a horror blogger, I can so rarely successfully publish a post during October, and on top of that, in the lead up to Halloween, I think I found the time to watch fewer horror movies than any other month this year. I guess I was just too busy Halloweening to engage with others’ work. And here we are, the high horror holidays are well behind us (so is Thanksgiving to be fair) and out my window, winter has fully arrived and the whole world is cast in greyscale as the snow falls from leaden skies. And so, with this somewhat bleak yet beautiful view as a backdrop, I’d like to focus this month on a recent monochromatic discovery as desolate, striking, and magical as any turning of the seasons.   

In my last post on The Whip and the Body (1963), I was blown away by the central performance of Daliah Lavi, an actress that I’d not previously heard a thing about, but who just knocked my socks off in Bava’s ghostly, kinky, gothic-psychodrama masterpiece. Having praised her work in that film on social media, a commenter suggested I check out what Lavi had described as her favorite film and performance, Brunello Rondi’s Il Demonio (The Demon), and hey, isn’t it refreshing to have social media actually deliver what it promises – making connections with strangers that can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new things – rather than just being the usual cesspool of conflict and ugliness? So thanks, whoever you were, cause this was a tremendous movie: gorgeous, tragic, folksy, witchy, and genuinely surprising. It was a really refreshing watch – nothing about it was at all ‘typical’ – the sort of underseen deep cut about which I’m more than happy to spread the word.

There will be spoilers, but I’m not so sure this is the kind of film that can really be spoiled, so read on. (But if you want to watch it first – and you should – it’s great – I did so on Tubi)

Il Demonio (1963)

As I understand, Brunello Rondi was a frequent collaborator of Fellini’s, but this was his first solo feature film, and it is a doozy! A fascinating cultural artifact, documenting southern Italian folk beliefs and practices at the time, this is also a blistering portrayal of one young woman’s psychological damage and social downfall, trapped in an isolated, religiously conservative, deeply superstitious village, expressing her pain and torment through the only avenues available to her: the aforementioned folk beliefs and practices.  I feel justified in discussing this as a horror movie – it’s chock full of witchcraft and possession, but past that, there is no shortage of real life horrors. The main character, Purif (Daliah Lavi), is abused and ostracized, beaten by her family and raped by strangers (and her family, for that matter) – she is isolated and outcast, chased and stoned, and her home is lit on fire. But her nightmare is no less psychological, tormented by thoughts, desires, and impulses beyond her control. It’s a lot.

It’s also just so rich in cultural detail, in little kernels of life, in human comedy and brutality and fear. It is often a deeply funny movie, but ultimately sad more than anything else. And on top of all that, through all the cruelty and pain and absurdity and nuance, it is starkly beautiful. Seriously, every scene has something that made me laugh or gasp or hold my breath at how staggeringly stunning it all was. I can’t overstate my excitement at the filmmaking – truly cinematic pleasure amidst all these scenes of madness and misery – and that’s one of the main things I come to this genre for. What a treat!

In short, Purificazione, AKA Purif, having had sexual relations with a local villager, Antonio, is tossed aside by him in favor of a more “proper” match. We never know the extent of their previous relationship, except that she’s been left wounded and obsessed, and that he now views her as little more than an animal. With no other outlet for her suffering, Purif turns to witchcraft: cursing him, disrupting his wedding, and hexing his bridal bed. At the beginning of the film, the townspeople mainly see her as an off-putting nuisance, a weirdo they have to put up with, and occasionally drag away screaming when she has an episode; but over time, especially after she publicly declares her allegiance to Satan, writhing in the town square in demoniac ecstacy, what had once been mere cautious distaste grows into full-fledged terror and hate. She is subjected to exorcism (as well as folksier and more sexually invasive treatments), she is branded a witch, and she is blamed for all the troubles of the village, from dead children to bad weather, until they finally set out to burn her corruptive influence out of the very air.

This is an interesting piece, full of supernatural vibes, but concurrently, also rooted in psychology, a well observed document of human feeling and action and social constraints and taboos. Regardless of the spells and potions and some mysterious goings on, I never felt that there was actually anything otherworldly in the proceedings. Purif’s “witchcraft” is the kind of sympathetic magic you can imagine a child creating for themself. She feels so strongly, her hurt is so powerful, that of course the blood that falls from a needle stabbed into her breast, mixed with a bit of her hair, baked in the oven to ash, and sprinkled surreptitiously in his wine, would be enough to curse Antonio to suffer as she suffers, to ruin his life as he has hers.

Similarly, I never felt that there was any ‘demon’ in the literal sense in her possession. But that doesn’t exactly mean that it’s “not real.” It is real for her. It is real for the whole world in which she lives. How could it possibly be more “real?” She, and everyone she knows, lives in a realm of magical thinking wherein everything is true. Even if her possessed affectation is rather an available physical and verbal expression to give voice to her feelings, to her mental torment, than it is a case of some sinister “spirit” entering her body and refusing to leave, she is still possessed by that feeling, by her, let’s call it ‘madness.’ The wicked freedom that comes with ‘being possessed’ gives her free rein to howl out all the frustration and anger and sadness inside – it lets her laugh at any authority that might scold or belittle her for either her original ‘sin’ of physical pleasure or her inability to get her feelings under control, to tamp herself down into a socially acceptable persona, to let it go, “be normal.”

Accepting this loosely in the horror canon, I think it is interestingly situated – both as a late piece of Italian Neorealism (which is admittedly not at all a horror sub-genre), and a rather early example of Folk Horror (which is). On the Neorealism side (and I am NO EXPERT), as I understand, it fits the bill: a focus on underprivileged ‘real’ people, often episodic more than narrative based, and featuring qualities of a documentary style, including the presence of non-actors and shooting on-location. We’ve got all of this. Occurring in a remote village in southern Italy in 1963, it may be set in ‘the present,’ but it is as far from the bustling modernity of Rome as is Antarctica. In one shot, for about one second, a road can be glimpsed with cars passing by, and it feels shocking that they could even exist in this world, as incongruous as a boom mic dipping into a shot in a cheap B movie. But I’m sure this must be intentional, as significant as the nearby highway in Fulci’s Don’t Torture a Duckling (which shares some similar themes).

While the main characters are professionally portrayed (Lavi is outstanding once again), the village seems primarily peopled with non-professionals. Just characteristic locals with craggy faces, and not so many teeth, and it is such an added value. They aren’t often called on to “act” too much, but their presence grounds the whole piece. Finally, the episodic nature of it all gives vast opportunities to follow the life of this place, of these people, as the seasons come and go, and they plant, and they marry, and they reap, and they die, all along carrying the traditions that make them themselves, that define their community for good and for bad. To liken it to yet another film, I was often put in mind of Fellini’s Amarcord (1973) (but maybe that’s because I don’t know much about Italian Neorealism past what I’ve read on Wikipedia – I’ve seen only a handful of old Italian flicks that aren’t horror, so of course I think of one of them…). You really feel the life of the place. Sometimes it’s quite funny, and sometimes tragic, but it is constantly so vibrant, thrumming with life.

On the Folk Horror front, this is really a case in which the “horror” is “folk.” The villagers are a threat to the ‘witch’ – not the other way around. While their folk beliefs have a kind of rural loveliness, they also doom Purif to suffer, and many take advantage of her in her outcast state, sexually and otherwise. The beliefs that hold the community together bind her in an inescapable hell of rigid social mores in which her own inner drives – healthy and natural ones like sexual desire, and problematic ones like her possible mental illness can only be understood as the influence of the infernal.

 Interestingly, in the scenes of possession and exorcism, there are direct precursors to The Exorcist (1973). Purif thrashes in her bed, her hands pressing towards her crotch just as she fights them away, suggesting a kind of tortured masturbation that Regan would later experience, and most notably, during her exorcism, she even does the “spider walk” that would be excised from The Exorcist’s theatrical release ten years later.

That said, however, these could not be more different films. In Friedkin’s religious horror, a young girl is assaulted by something from beyond society, beyond mankind, and so much of the horror is rooted in the realization of its radical evil – science fails her and reason fails her, and she can only be saved by virtue of faith. In Il Demonio, Purif is beset upon by the intolerance of her village, by their inability to understand the world in any terms beyond the religious and the supernatural. And she can’t understand it any other way either. In a way, faith is the monster here; a belief that sentences her to all kinds of pain. You can’t help but feel that if Purif lived in a modern city, she might not exactly enjoy perfect mental health (who does?), but with some therapy, with some good pills, and with a more open society around her (where she wouldn’t immediately be cast as a fallen woman for one dalliance with some guy), with all of that, she might be closer to alright.

She is far from alright.

That said, though the horror lives in the beliefs and actions of the villagers, I actually don’t feel that Rondi’s film views them in an entirely negative light. At no point does it feel like there is a snide authorial voice saying, “hey check out how cruel and stupid these superstitious dummies are!” Rather, there is a documentarian’s generosity towards these people and this place which a modern perspective might judge harshly. The villagers live in an unforgiving world that offers few comforts, and if they have developed a series of beliefs and practices that give them a sense of meaning and agency in the face of the vast indifference of the sun and the wind and the saints, I can’t entirely discount the value of that faith. And truly, those folk beliefs are so much of what makes Il Demonio singular, presenting so many ethnological details along the way (the film opens with thanks to the particular ethnologist whose work had inspired it).

During Antonio’s wedding, after he and his bride have had to answer questions at the door and then hop over the threshold to enter, the candle on his side of the church begins to flicker as if it might go out and the entire village watches with baited breath, excited and fearful, as that would be a terribly dark portent. Was this the result of Purif’s curse? Who knows?

After the wedding, the two sets of parents prepare their adult children’s marriage bed – a scythe is placed beneath to ward off the devil, raisins are spread in a cross on the bedsheets to absorb all evil from the room, a bag of salt is places under the pillows, and there is an elaborate ritual governing how and when the newlyweds may enter the room.

There is a long procession up the hill to the village, everyone carrying heavy stones that represent their sins, some of them being whipped by others – when they reach the town square, they are called on to publicly admit their wrongdoings and put down the weight of their sin, and some of it is so much worse than anything that might be attributed to the local madwoman/witch – the father that angrily turned out his disobedient son (who subsequently died) or the lonely widower who admits to having sexually abused his teenage daughter both seem so much more shocking than Purif and her dalliances with hedge magic, but they both seek and are apparently granted absolution and thus can continue to be part of society. Not so with Purif. It is in this scene that she declares her possession and starts to flop about in the town square. It feels performative, almost calculated as she listens to all of the other villagers’ declared sins and then chooses to top them. Furthermore, she does not want and will not accept forgiveness, and will never fully be a part of this society again.

In a striking scene, as Purif sits in a nearby tree, eating an apple and laughing, seemingly the whole village is gathered on a hillside to drive off storm clouds that threaten to wash away freshly spread seeds – they recite their liturgy, beat rocks with sticks, and ring bells to repel the rain – and it is kind of beautiful. These are poor people of little power, standing together against the dark times to come. Their folk magic is just as simplistic as Purif’s curse in the opening scene, but it comes with the weight of repetition and history, and it is a moving form of natural sorcery. Of course, then they notice Purif, decide this coming storm is all her fault, chase her to her house and try to light it on fire – so yeah, sometimes these otherwise bucolic impoverished folks are just the worst.

Finally, by the end, the villagers cut down a grove of precious old growth trees to build a ritual fire in the square and they carry burning brands through the village streets to cleanse the town of Purif’s darkness. At first, it’s genuinely scary – is this enraged mob actually going to burn her? But when it is clear that it is just a benign ceremony of purification (as they seek Purificazione), it takes on a different character, even at times fun and festive. Sadly, that doesn’t mean it ends well for Purif – but how could it really? The only way for her to thrive is away from here, but that world is forever beyond her reach.

Truly, there is nowhere for her to go. At one point, her family hides her in a cellar, pretending that she no longer exists, that she has moved away. This imprisonment seems heartless, but it’s hard to blame the family in this moment. It is actually for her protection, and their own (see the aforementioned attempt to burn her out of her family house). Early in the film, we saw her father beat her with a belt after some of her more wild actions had gotten back to him. Incensed at the shame she’d brought on the household, he lost control and her brothers had to fight him off of her. At that point, he seemed monstrous. But by this moment in the film, you can kind of understand what he’s going through.

Purif is our protagonist and we are entirely in her corner, but how can one not sympathize with those who have to deal with her all the time? She is always getting into trouble and it is always weird trouble. She steals a pack of goats to lay siege to the church where Antonio is being wed. Later that night, she attacks his home (which has wisely been guarded against such an eventuality), attempting to hex his first born by throwing a dead cat at his threshold. She shows up at the death bed of a child where all the women are uncontrollably weeping (in ritual fashion) and entirely inappropriately makes it all about Purif. She’s a problem for herself and others and no one knows how to deal with it. Not the priest (who does make an effort), not her father (who beats and imprisons her), not her mystic uncle (who takes sexual advantage of her), not Antonio (who no matter how often he throws her to the ground and leads angry mobs against her is always moments away from tearing off her dress), and of course not Purif herself.

Purif in shadow, about to throw a cat.

The best she can do is to choose to be the problem that she is, to choose herself against the society she does not fit into. As in Matka Joanna od Aniołów (1961), Purif’s possession, not her exorcism, feels freeing, revelatory. Whether she’s trying to lasciviously lick a crucifix or demonically speaking in tongues, embracing “wickedness” allows Purif a freedom she has no other access to, and it feels so, so good. Towards the end of the film, after trying to strangle a nun who’d tried to lead her in prayer, Purif defiantly refuses salvation – for the first time in her life, she feels powerful, and that can’t be lost.

This is a unique and special piece and I’m so glad I gave it a chance. What brought me to it was Daliah Lavi and she does not disappoint. It is a totally different style of performance from The Whip and the Body, released the same year, but it is probably even more impressive (I guess the fact that she’s in almost every frame helps with that). From start to finish, the filmmaking wows at every turn, Rondi making such good use of the ragged, sun drenched environment. Purif is usually in black and she just pops against the brightly lit stony village and its surrounding hills. Rondi also does so much with long shots, pulling back, for example, from a close focus on Antonio sitting with his future mother in law, to an extreme wide view where Purif can be seen watching on a hill in the distance, to a snap zoom on her own distraught face. And it is a film of faces. The supporting cast, which I assume to be non-professional actors, offer so much character and Rondi captures every coarse feature with the same crisp contrast that he does the arid landscape.

And for a film with so much visual contrast, it is rich in ambivalence and nuance. On one level, it is a story of witchcraft and folk magic and possession, but then we never feel there really are any demons or that there is any magic, but we also feel, in the ways that are most important for the life experience of its characters, that all of that is real anyway. I don’t think we’re ever meant to be wondering if something is ‘real’ or not. Clearly, there are “realistic” explanations for everything – at least it feels that way, but then there are some things that are never explained. Did Purif’s curse actually cause the candle in the wedding ceremony to almost go out? Did it cause the terrible bleeding rash that Antonio developed? Did the spirit of the recently deceased boy meet her at the river? How did she know the tree at the convent was so important (where someone had recently hanged himself)? I don’t know, and interestingly, I feel the film isn’t interested in me asking those questions. What people experience is simply, in fact, what they experience. And this is about those people and their experiences. It is heady and affecting and really worth seeing.

This is only nominally a “horror movie” and it won’t scare you or gross you out, but if you feel you could have patience for what I’ve described, I think you’ll find it’s really worth your time. It was worth mine.

Working out the Kinks: The Whip and the Body

It’s so good to give things second chances. Years ago, I’d tried watching today’s film, having read that it was really worth checking out, and I just couldn’t get into it, couldn’t get past certain oddities of its existence, and I gave up. And what a shame it would have been if I’d never come back, cause having finally watched it (multiple times now), I gotta say, it’s an (admittedly somewhat flawed) frickin’ masterpiece! So, let’s just get right into it and dig into Mario Bava’s eminently gothic, eerily old fashioned, surprisingly kinky, and mind blowingly beautiful 1963 classic, The Whip and the Body.

The Whip and the Body (1963)

So let’s begin with what I couldn’t get past the first time as I think it could be a hurdle for many. This movie is Italian (though you might not know it from the opening credits where everyone goes under an English name – Mario Bava is listen as John M. Old). Generally, genre pics in Italy in this era never shot sound on set, often featuring a polyglot cast, each speaking their native tongue and dubbing it all in post for each market where the film was to be released. That’s just par for the Italian horror course.

This film also stars the inimitable Christopher Lee, an actor with both great physical presence and a voice of rich and silky timbre. But he didn’t do his own ADR for the English language release (something he said he’d always regretted) and the first time around, hearing him dubbed by another voice was just so offputting that I couldn’t take it and had to stop. Fortunately, when I decided to try again, the version I found on Shudder only came in Italian with English subtitles, which really did make it better. Since then, I’ve rewatched in both languages and I think the Italian dub is just superior all around – the sound mix is more effective and the voice actors simply more expressive. The English voice work feels stilted and artificial in comparison. Though the lead actors were actually speaking English, if you have the option, I strongly recommend the Italian – and you will be rewarded with a real gem.

In short, Bava’s film is about Nevenka (Daliah Lavi), a young noblewoman who has just married the milquetoast younger brother of her former lover and lives in his family’s castle on a craggy coast where the wind literally never stops howling. Her husband, in turn, still carries a torch for his cousin, Katia, who lives in the castle as well. Along with Nevenka’s aged father-in-law and a couple of servants, they all live in unsatisfying stasis, until one day when Kurt (Christopher Lee), the older brother and lover in question, returns. He’d been sent away for murdering (after probably abusing) a servant girl and no one is happy to see him back.

But no matter how Nevenka hated him and how he’d physically and emotionally abused her (and others), she can’t help but respond to his unfeigned desire (so unlike her husband), and though I don’t think she understands herself and is disgusted by her own feelings, she does get off on the beatings, as in an early scene where he finds her on the beach and brutally whips her before they passionately make love among the rocks and crashing waves as he coos, “You haven’t changed I see. You’ve always loved violence.”

Then in rapid succession, first Kurt and then the Count (her father in law who’d hated and feared Kurt) are both murdered in the dark of night with the same dagger (the very one that he’d previously used to dispatch the poor servant girl) and the film’s (psychological?/supernatural?) horror begins in earnest as Nevenka keeps seeing Kurt outside of every window, looming over her bed, creeping from his tomb, leaving muddy footprints that only she can see. His voice coasts on the howling wind, and his ghost haunts her conscience, her heart, and her yearning flesh. And it goes from there.

First off, it must be noted just how much this resembles an entry in Roger Corman’s Poe cycle: the castle on the rocky coast, the indeterminate setting (in the past, some time; in a castle, somewhere), the particular psychological flavor of repressed feeling surfacing as violence and madness. All of this is for very good reason. Apparently the producers had shown co-screenwriter/assistant director, Ernesto Gastaldi, Corman’s The Pit and the Pendulum and requested something in that vein. And I can really see it. Watching the film, Poe came to mind more than once, especially in terms of pathetic fallacy, wherein a character’s internal state is externalized in the setting, in the environment (think The Fall of the House of Usher).

This castle, lashed by the wind, by the sea, locking up so many warring emotions, its characters isolated together, doubting one another, sometimes both loving and hating each other and themselves in equal measure, feels quite like something old Edgar could have written, or at least like something old Roger could have adapted, walking that blurry line between insanity and a real ghostly threat. I particularly liked a haunting scene in which Nevanka is drawn to her late lover’s room late at night by the sound of whipping, but in a bit of a  jump scare, hanging vines that have been beating against the window knock it open, letting in the omnipresent gale. For her, he is everywhere – on the wind, in the trees, invading the castle of her mind.

But while I really do like Corman’s work, the visual splendor that Bava brings to the proceedings just raises this all up to another level. It is just breathtaking filmmaking, and at the same time, it must be said that it is all so effective – not simply pretty shots to be pretty, but it all serves the film, it all helps to get into Nevenka’s tortured mind and body, and it absolutely sings. The camera glides around, looking for the nuances of fear and passion in her expressions, finding the sadistic glint of joy in Kurt’s eye. The camera brings to life what could sometimes be a staid and static family drama, highlighting beauty and monstrosity, often at the same time and in the same place. I felt such cinematic joy in its stunning presentation of psychological horror and trauma that come with a searing pinch of beauty that can lead a character to her own destruction, making me feel for her while at the same time grinning from ear to ear at the absolute glory of it all. It’s the kind of movie that makes my attempts at description inexcusably, self-indulgently florid.

It’s often said that a given film couldn’t be made today, and I think in this case that may be true. In many aspects, it’s all pretty old fashioned, but it works so well. More on this in a bit, but Nevanka’s portrayal is one we don’t generally get any more (which is probably for the best): the trembling woman, in love with not only her abuser, but her abuse. While that kind of representation can even be harmful when writ large across culture, in the isolation of this one story, it is poetic and gorgeous and tragic, and I adored every melodramatic moment of its distillation of awful need and sublime suffering. But it’s not only outdated gender issues. The filmmaking itself is quite old fashioned as well, but in ways that really work for it.

These days, when we make a historical piece, there tends to be a lot of care put into accuracy – caring about the buttons a man would have on his jacket in 1906 that he wouldn’t have had in 1850 for example. Now, there are often failures (my wife is into historical costuming, so I hear about them – apparently hair is pretty much always disastrously wrong), but effort is made, and there is an industry of professionals who do the work. That wasn’t always the case. Often when watching older films set in an even earlier period, everything is more non-specifically “old” (and this is especially true for low-budget genre work). Are we in the late 19th century, the early 18th? Who knows, but men sometimes toss on a cape, and women’s dresses are long and pretty. I’m pretty sure they also have long fake lashes, which look more 1963 than anything else, but are striking when a small band of hard light falls across eyes in the darkness.  All of those anachronisms are certainly present here, but as the saying goes, I think that’s a feature, not a bug.

In being so ahistorical, the location never specified (the Wikipedia entry just says that it is set “in Europe”), it all takes on the quality of a fairy tale / psychological allegory / dream-nightmare. Thus, all of the fear and desire is lent a broader significance. It feels bigger than itself in what I can best describe as a theatrical fashion. Not anchored by base realism, not flattened into something “natural,” the viewer’s willing suspension of disbelief can go further, can make other connections, approaching the ineffable, the subconscious. And the same can also be said for other aspects of Bava’s work.

I’d previously mentioned the beauty of the filming, but past the camerawork, I must praise how the film is lit, which is something we don’t often discuss with more modern movies. For quite a while, it has been in vogue to “realistically” light every shot when possible, even going so far as to film night scenes only with natural sources (the moon, candles, etc). As I understand, technology has developed to make this more and more viable (it was a great technical feat when Kubrick did it in Barry Lyndon, but is now much more easily achievable), but even when standard lights are still used (which is usually the case), the approach tends to be attempted realism – light that looks like it comes from real sources in the filmic space. That wasn’t always true. Bava lights scenes so expressively; in one shot, Lee passes out of a pale blue light from the left, into a sickly green light from the right, into shadow, into a red light from below – where are these well focused lights coming from, and how are they colored with such saturation in this old timey setting?

It is totally unrealistic, but each offers a different view of his character – ghostly and dead and monstrous. He is such a fearful presence, but looking out of Nevanka’s eyes, she doesn’t pull away from his kiss, and we are treated to a really special, creepy, unsettling moment. Throughout the film, expression and feeling trump “realism,” and this is a breath of fresh air in this era when even well-shot films can sometimes feel dark and muddy. That said, this isn’t a neon lit exercise in pure color. It isn’t “style over substance.” Everything serves the piece – it’s just that it serves it by underlining emotion and atmosphere rather than just making it look like a place being lit by a source.

Furthermore, I think that when a director has a heavy hand with light and shadow and color and camera angles, it’s easy to imagine a lessened focus on the work of the actors, the performers simply being flexible props to costume and light and move through the shots in service of visual storytelling – and it’s even easier to expect that in a case like this where we can’t even hear their original voices, but it is absolutely not so. Though this must have been a very technical shoot, with actors having to hit very precise marks to achieve the director’s vision, I feel they are also given real room to do their work. There are great stills I can capture and include in this post, but you have to watch the film to see how gently the lens explores the contours of the actors’ faces, the light and shadow catching and amplifying the delicate and nuanced work they are doing. And particularly in the case of the two leads, Lee and Lavi, that work is tremendous: layered, intriguing, and exhilarating.

I came to this movie because I knew and loved Lee and Bava, but I hadn’t known anything about Daliah Lavi, who I must say floored me as Nevenka. What a performance! I knew Lee’s name first, but it is absolutely her film, revolving as it does around her inner turmoil, and she gives such an exquisitely detailed performance. An Israeli actress and model, it looks like she did a fair amount of work through the 60s, but I’ve not seen any of it. Seriously, judging from what she did here, I don’t know how she wasn’t a bigger star.

There is a centerpiece scene that serves as an encapsulation of the film’s strengths – the performances, the camera, the music, the lights. Nevanka, terror stricken, seeing Kurt’s ghost around every corner, and who is furthermore haunted by her scandalous desire for this man who had been so cruel to her, overhears her husband declare his love to his cousin. It had been, I think, pretty obvious, but explicitly hearing it wounds – even if her feelings for him were cool to begin with, the betrayal lands. In the next shot, we see her before her mirror, running her hand over the skin of her neck, over her bodice, her body hungry for contact, needing to be needed, when suddenly Kurt’s dead and ghostly face appears behind her.

Over a wordless minute, as they rotate around each other, his face is almost perfectly still, but a question seems to pass over it, while she is in turn terrified, lustful, defiant, amorous, and hateful. And as she moves in and out of shadow, the light somehow enhances each of these expressions in different ways. Finally, she takes up her scissors in defense, but he gingerly plucks them from her hand. She leaps across her bed to ring a bell and call for help, but his whip easily binds her wrist and he proceeds to lash her bodice off, leaving her lacerated and beaten. She cries out how she hates him, but bites her knuckle and sinks into her bed, giving herself over to sensation, to this extremity. By the end, no matter what she says, her eyes tell a different story – she is bound by desire for him. For this. The ghoul moves in for a kiss and we fade to black. It is an absolutely delicious performance.

For a period piece made 62 years ago in which there is no nudity, this is an extremely horny movie. So much desire and almost all of it repressed – so terrible is that desire for Nevenka, so confusing. In modern times, there can be some effort made to present kinkiness with some model of best practices: safe words and explicit consent and all that good stuff. Here, there is none of that, but there is a nexus of sexuality and self-recrimination and anger and need that rings true – complicated and not at all nice, but significant and real, making demands that can’t be denied. Kurt is a monster and an abuser, and she gets off on it, and she needs that release – perhaps she even needs the shame that comes with it – human psychology is complex. The buttoned up existence she otherwise leads will never satisfy her and that is part of her horror. He is a monstrous threat, but for her, the unquenchable need she feels is even worse. Just as her body is scoured, her psyche is possessed, her agency broken – by her own nature, her carnal drive that will not be denied. That is her nightmare, her horror. And in true Freudian fashion (without going into too many spoilers of the ending), it is the inevitably failed repression of these impulses that results in murder and madness.

Unsurprisingly, this didn’t fare well with the censors in the early 60s. It got banned in its native Italy, and the English language version cut 14 minutes, including all of the sado-masochistic stuff, resulting in a story that was entirely unintelligible (and was released in America with the title What! which seems fitting for a film that makes no sense, having had its very heart removed). For all that it has many old fashioned elements, its boldness in terms of unconventional sexuality is quite modern (or is it – I mean the works of both de Sade and Sacher-Masoch predate it by more than a hundred years). And its horror, Nevenka’s horror, lands.

There is little killing and almost no gore (though there are some graphic whippings and throat cuts), but this piece lives somewhere between the sumptuousness of the gothic and the tension of the psychological – and it is a treasure. The dubbing is really unfortunate and I can’t say I was totally enamored of some scenes with characters who weren’t Kurt or Nevenka, but all of that said, I am so glad I watched it. Give it a try – stick out the language issues, and I think it will be more than worth your while.

Sometimes They Return: Cemetery Man

Certain films make such a strong impression that even if you love them, you are rarely drawn to re-watch. It just seems better to sit with the first feeling they gave you – you don’t want a subsequent viewing to rob you of the memory of how they affected you. And sometimes, on top of that, a given film is just hard to find on streaming, even if you wanted to check it out again, such that your remembered first viewing grows in stature over the years: it becomes something treasured, almost mythic, a half glimpsed moment of true magic from long, long ago.

Such it was with today’s film, Michele Soavi’s Cemetery Man (1994). I’ve previously written on this blog about how I first saw it way back when: In high school, a good friend and I wanted to go see a movie, picked up the local newspaper to see what was playing (as one used to do), and saw a listing for a film with no description, but just an intriguing title. We went to the cinema and there was no poster, and the nameplate outside of the screening room was just sharpie scrawled on an index card. We bought two tickets and assumed we were in for something cheap and terrible, and when we went in, found that we were the only ones in attendance. We figured that with no one else around, we could just crack jokes at something that would be ‘so bad it’s good’ and settled in for a laugh. The film started, and we made a couple of early comments and then quickly shut up – because it was kind of amazing.

Poetic, absurd, artful, and successfully, intentionally funny, this was an unexpected gem, and one of the best cinema experiences I’ve ever had. We’d gone in completely cold, expecting the absolute worst, and were rather blown away by this peculiar Italian horror-comedy that was in turns silly, sexy, dark, and disturbing, with moments of grotesquerie both delightful and off-putting, not to mention a surprising depth and shades of existential profundity. I loved it. And I spent years carrying this memory, especially because in the streaming era, it was really hard to locate. Finally, after about 30 years, Severin restored and released the film on 4K and a clear, crisp print showed up on Shudder that did justice to its craft and artistry, so I was stoked to finally take it in again, and I knew it would be worth writing about. And it was, but not only for the reasons I’d counted on.

Rather, I suppose this is a case of something like “you should never meet your heroes” or maybe “you can never go home again” or some other such pat life advice, as my experience of re-viewing was not quite what I’d hoped for – there were still things to appreciate, but what had so impressed me thirty years ago, didn’t quite do it for me now. There were even elements that actively turned me off. I spent some time thinking about it, and then decided to watch it one more time, and happily then found myself enjoying it much more again. Interesting…

And so that is what I want to write about today – not just the film itself, but how and why it clicked for me so well in the mid-90s, how and why it didn’t when I first re-watched it last week, and what finally, on a third viewing, I found I could still love in it regardless of what could be viewed as significant issues. No matter what, it is clearly a unique piece of work, worthy of appreciation and consideration. So let’s get into it. There’s no way to do this adequately sans spoilers, so you’ve been warned…

Cemetery Man (1994) (A.K.A. Dellamorte Dellamore)

Cemetery Man Poster

Michele Soavi has been mentioned a couple times on this blog before. He was an assistant to Dario Argento and worked with a bunch of other big names in the Italian horror industry in the 80s. You can find him on screen in such masterpieces as Lucio Fulci’s The City of the Living Dead  (1980) or Lamberto Bava’s Demons (1985), and of course, his feature directorial debut was one of my favorite slashers of the 80s, the stylish, if sometimes delightfully ridiculous Stagefright (1987) (the killer in the owl mask; Marilyn Monroe playing the sax; the cat jump scare in the back of a car (how did it even get in there?); the theatre director who’s an absolute asshole, but you sympathize with him cause you can see how he can see just how terrible his show is, and he is trying to fix it and can’t, and it just really stings – I love it all!). By 1994, Soave had a few films under his belt and took on this ambitious adaptation of a novel by Tiziano Sclavi, Dellamorte Dellamore, Sclavi being quite well known at the time in Italy for his surreal horror comic, Dylan Dog.

Originally released with the same title as the novel, Cemetery Man follows a worker at a cemetery in a small town in Italy, Francesco Dellamorte (Rupert Everett) and his nonverbal, simpleminded assistant, Gnaghi (François Hadji-Lazaro), as they go about their duties: digging and cleaning graves, changing flowers, and most importantly, shooting in the head the zombies that tend to rise within a week of their original burial. Theirs is an absurd, repetitive, dreary existence and the ennui is strong with them. Dellamorte dispatches the undead that surround him with little more than a shrug and a sigh. And outside the gates of the cemetery, things are little better. The town, Buffalora, beyond the borders of which, he has never ventured, is small, venal, frustratingly bureaucratic and corrupt, with the mayor unconcerned about the dead rising as long as it doesn’t interrupt his campaign for reelection.

Things change for Dellamorte when he sees a beautiful widow (Anna Falchi) attending the funeral of her husband and he immediately falls in love with her. After taking her to visit the cemetery’s ossuary, she is so overcome with passion by the assembled skulls and bones that she also falls for him. They kiss like in a Magritte painting and proceed to have sex on the grave of her beloved husband, who rises and bites her, seemingly leading to her death. Dellamorte keeps her body under watch and when she rises, he shoots her, as is his job. But she just keeps coming back. One night, she returns as a seductive zombie, drawing him to her and sexily taking a chomp out of his shoulder before Gnaghi plants a shovel in her head. Later, she seems to return as the new mayor’s (the other one had died before the election) assistant, who already knows and loves Dellamorte, though she’s never before been to Buffalora or met him. They have a short lived romance, dependent on her belief that he’s impotent, as she has a fear of sex – he has himself chemically castrated, only for her to get over said fear and leave him for the mayor (in a problematic turn of events that we’ll get into later). And finally, she appears as a university student that Dellamorte goes home with. She also tells him that she loves him, but he soon discovers that she is a prostitute and that declaration just made the evening more expensive.

Along the way, Dellamorte goes down a dark path, sliding from a state of poetic melancholy at the beginning, through various romantic ups and downs, not to mention social indignities, to cold blooded acts of murder – some funny, some satisfying, and at least one quite disturbing. He has conversations with Death who tells him to stop killing the dead and that if he doesn’t want people to rise, to go shoot the living in the head to ensure that they won’t. This he does, beginning a vein in the film reminiscent of Kafka or Ionesco wherein it seems impossible for him to be caught, impossible for him to retain responsibility for his own acts, no matter how he tries – the police inspector will never see him for who he is and his crimes are stolen from him. The romantic gloom of the first half of the film is supplanted with an existential hopelessness – nothing has meaning: not life, not death, not love, not sex, not murder. Finally, he and Gnaghi drive away from Buffalora only to learn, as suspected, that there is no world beyond its borders – they are trapped within a snow globe – beautiful and pointless. In an odd turn, Dellamorte and Gnaghi exchange roles, Gnaghi now speaking and Dellamorte responding with Gnaghi’s characteristic grunt, and the film ends – they will return, events will play out again – perhaps a new iteration thereof, but with no meaningful change – nothing ever could.

You could imagine how this impressed me at 16. It is a weird movie to say the least, but one with a wealth of concepts, moods, and images. I’m sure I didn’t know what to make of it at the time, but the philosophical vibe washed over me and left me intrigued, puzzled, entertained, and tickled with the idiosyncratic peculiarity of it all.

Plus, it must be said that it is beautiful to look at and also really quite funny, with loads of memorable details: the bus full of scouts that drive off a cliff and of course return as zombies, one of which keeps rubbing sticks between his hands menacingly as if to start an undead campfire, the sex dripping from Anna Falchi’s seductive line, “you know, you’ve got a real nice ossuary,” the scene when Gnaghi, so infatuated with the mayor’s daughter, vomits on her right before her boyfriend shows up on his motorcycle – she exclaims, “he threw up on me,” and the boyfriend responds, “cool – new fad” before she jumps on behind him and they ride away, unconcerned with the regurgitated bile between them, and of course, the sweet, child-like romance Gnaghi later has with her decapitated, reanimated head after she dies in a motorcycle accident. And again, beyond the comedy, I just loved the gory absurdity of it all, the morbid, poetic existentialism found in what I’d expected to be little more than cheap, b-movie detritus.

Thirty Years Later

Everything I’ve written above sounds great, and all of that is there to be found in the film, but that said, I did find myself sadly unsatisfied on the re-watch. First of all, things that had felt deep to me as a teenager, philosophically rich and ghoulishly beautiful, at 45, just seemed, I don’t know, facile? Shallow? Obvious? I didn’t come away feeling like this all revealed some truths of the human condition – but rather, it seemed more than a bit pretentious.

But all of that is fine. I mean it is an unfair standard to expect every film to reveal some profound truth of what it is to be human – that is a pretty high bar, and I wouldn’t judge any other film for not clearing it, and Soavi’s film genuinely deserves credit for actually approaching such an ambitious artistic feat. What really was difficult the second time around was how the philosophical-ness and poetic-ness felt not only slight, but actually ugly when it came to women, or rather, the woman, or even just “She,” which is as far as the film goes in naming Anna Falchi’s embodiment of feminine, sexy, mysterious, eternally unattainable woman-ness.

Dellamorte seems to have no other reason for falling in love with her than that she is beautiful, and she seems to have no reason to fall in love with him except the dictates of the story (to be fair, Rupert Everett is a very attractive man, but her attraction feels more like narrative convenience). While her perpetual return is intriguing, something about it feels uncomfortable: in Dellamorte’s story, there is one woman, without a name, who is all women, who is everywhere, whom he loves, whom he obsesses over, whom he doesn’t really know, and whom he can never truly have – she will always slip away from him, be taken from him; she is a failed promise, a lie, a tease. Life allows no such satisfaction – she exists (occasionally) only to be desired, to be longed for, but she seems to lack essence. She is an empty ideal – not a person – not a character.

And it does get pretty dark. I wrote above of the second half of the film when Dellamorte goes on a bit of an existential killing spree. Much of that is enjoyable – we see him killing people we’d earlier seen be jerks, or we see him kill dispassionately, because nothing matters anyway, but there is one time that he kills emotionally. Late in the film, drunk and despondent after being rejected by the most recent incarnation of “She” (the Mayor’s assistant), Dellamorte is approached by two young, attractive women in a tavern, one of whom is the next incarnation of the object of his desire. He goes home with them, is told that “She” loves him, and proceeds to make love to her. When he discovers that they are prostitutes and that he must pay extra for her declaration of affection, he puts a space heater in her bed, starting a fire that burns their apartment to cinders with them (and one other girl) inside.

It all feels like a Trojan Horse – Rupert Everett has brought so much charm and weary resignation to the role, and we have happily gone along with him on a dark, blackly comic, sweetly grotesque ride, only to end up in this ugly sequence of incel violence – a bitter man, denied the love he feels he deserves, feeling lied to and cheated, murders three young women because his feelings got hurt. It lands like a sucker punch.

Add to that the storyline of the mayor’s assistant (she is initially terrified by sex and feels free to love Dellamorte because the word around town is that he’s impotent (which he’s not) – he goes to a doctor and gets chemically castrated so they can be married – and then she turns up and explains that the mayor has raped her, curing her of her phobia, and she’s now going to marry him instead – you know, a totally normal, realistic reaction for an actual human female), and it’s hard to say that the movie doesn’t feel more than a little misogynistic. Somehow, as a 16 year old boy, so enamored of the glorious weirdness on display, I’d just failed to pick up on it.

Is this a case of changing social mores in the last 30 years (we are certainly more aware and less tolerating of elements of misogyny, racism, homophobia, and such these days) or is it just that I’ve grown up some and now find myself turned off by elements that I must admit I didn’t think about when I was a kid and first watched this movie? Whatever it is, it did sour me a bit on the film this time around.

But Let’s Give It Another Chance, Huh?

For all of the criticisms of the last section, I don’t want to come down too hard on the film (or on my teenage self). In spite of my reservations, there was still a great deal that I enjoyed and appreciated, and I thought I should give it one more try. And I’m glad I did. The first time I saw it, I had no expectations or even had negative ones and was so happily surprised. The second time, I was carrying the nostalgia of that first impression and it was a cold splash of water in the face to confront some problematic elements. And so, I wanted to approach it a third time, more cognizant and clear eyed of what I was going to see.

And I’m happy to report that I kinda loved it again. My criticisms stand – I don’t think there’s much of a way to get around them, but maybe even the most troubling elements can be an important part of the whole. Maybe the point is that the “love” between “She” and Dellamorte is a superficial fantasy – an illusory preoccupation to create a sense of meaning in a clearly meaningless existence. The degree to which She isn’t really a character is just the most prominent example of something that may be true of all of the other secondary players besides Dellamorte and Gnaghi. The degree to which the only significant female character is reduced to a symbol feels disappointing at the very least, but we don’t have to read it as being about gender – she is just the only other “real thing” in Dellamorte’s existence and she isn’t even real either. Nothing in life or death is.

When he murders her (as the college student) and her friends, it feels ugly, but this is a horror movie, after all, and perhaps this moment just brings the weight we should feel regarding all of his murders, but for whatever reason, don’t. We discover that our viewpoint character, the sensitive, charismatic figure at the center of all this hypocrisy and madness, sighing and rolling his eyes at the mendacity and ridiculous hopelessness of the world around him – we discover that he is no better than the rest – he is, in fact, awful. And yet, in the next scene when he shoots a bunch of people at the hospital, I feel we are right back there with him, only having held judgement against him for the moment, and are now feel free to laugh as he coolly murders doctors and nurses. Why was that judgement so short lived? Are we just sold on the lack of meaning, the absence of ramifications for his actions that so frustrates him? Is the movie doing in that moment exactly what it should? Maybe, maybe not, but I don’t want to give up all that I find to value in it just because it also contains parts I respond negatively to.

At the end of the day, this is a fascinating, funny, moving, troubling piece – I don’t think it is like anything else – it is like itself, and if nothing else, that is a thing truly worthy of praise. Furthermore, as written above, it is gorgeously shot, laugh-out-loud hilarious, shocking, and puzzling in a lot of good ways. The performances are uniformly excellent (Everett is so charismatic, Hadji-Lazaro embodies Gnaghi with lovable, quirky commitment – it’s really special, and Falchi, even if one could question the depth of her “characters” in the context of the story, is given a lot to do, and brings a lot of life and play to her four parts). The visuals are creatively striking and beautiful, and the score is a hoot. Finally, the film is thoughtful (even if those thoughts aren’t always the deepest, it is still thinking them) and takes big artistic swings without sacrificing the entertaining pleasures of being a weird, gross little horror movie. How could I not love something like that?

And so that’s that – I didn’t exactly have the experience I’d been looking forward to over the years, but it was interesting and rewarding to re-approach this film I’d treasured, find that it was other than I had remembered, or that perhaps I had changed, and ultimately, to come to terms with it differently. It was a reflective experience and time well spent. Plus, it is still, in many ways, really very cool and weird.